Canine distemper is one of the most common viral diseases in dogs. It is highly contagious and affects dogs worldwide. Through our blog on Canine Distemper Virus: Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention, learn essential facts every pet parent must know.
What is Canine Distemper?
Also known as Hard Pad Disease, it is caused by the Canine Distemper Virus (CDV). It attacks multiple systems in the body, including the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal system, and nervous system and leads to long-term complications for infected dogs.
How is Canine Distemper Transmitted?
The Canine Distemper Virus spreads through bodily fluids such as saliva, urine or droplets from coughing or sneezing. It initially occurs in the lymphatic tissue of the respiratory tract and is followed by infection of the brain, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems. The virus keeps replicating in these tissues. The immunity of the affected animal plays a major role in the degree of transmission. Hot spots of the disease include dog parks, kennels, and veterinary clinics.
Canine Distemper Symptoms
The symptoms of canine distemper can vary depending on the stage of infection and which systems of the body are affected. In the early stages, the dog might show general signs of illness, such as fever, loss of appetite, lethargy or discharge from eyes & nose. As the disease progresses, Canine Distemper Signs can include:
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Respiratory symptoms: Coughing, difficulty breathing, discharge from the eyes and nose
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Gastrointestinal symptoms: Vomiting, diarrhea, reduced appetite
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Neurological signs: Ataxia (stumbling), head tilt, paralysis, temporal twitching observed on the head
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Pyrexia: Constant high fever
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Other signs: Fever, lethargy, shaking, tremors
After effects of this disease can include long-term neurological effects, such as tremors, seizures, and behavioral changes.
Canine Distemper Treatment
Unfortunately, there is no cure for canine distemper once a dog is infected. Distemper can become serious quickly, leading to a high mortality rate, especially in puppies. Moreover, its treatment is only symptomatic and there are very less chances of survival. The earlier treatment starts, the better the chance of recovery. Treatment includes supportive care with the following options for recovery:
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I/V fluid therapy to prevent dehydration
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Antibiotics to manage secondary bacterial infections
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Antiemetics to relieve nausea
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Antacids to neutralize stomach acid
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Nerve tonics to support the nervous system
Dogs with severe symptoms, especially neurological ones, may require long-term care and management. The outcome depends on how early the disease is detected, how severe the symptoms are, and how well the dog responds to treatment.
How Can You Prevent Canine Distemper?
Canine distemper can be prevented through vaccination. The core vaccine that protects against distemper is the DHPP vaccine, which also covers parvovirus, hepatitis, and parainfluenza. The first shot is given at the age of 45 days while two more shots are given at the gap of 21 days.
Additionally, you can keep your dog safe with:
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Regular vaccination & vet checkups
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Limiting your pet’s contact with outside dogs
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Keeping unvaccinated puppies at home
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Conclusion
Canine distemper is a serious and contagious disease that affects dogs of all ages. However, with proper vaccination, pet owners can proactively prevent this disease. If your dog has been exposed to distemper or is showing symptoms, immediately contact your veterinarian. Early diagnosis means better chances of providing effective care and treatment. Ensure a healthy life for your pet, Stay Tuned!