Cataract is a condition where the eye's lens starts clouding. It occurs when proteins in the eye's lens break down and clump together, causing the lens to become cloudy. This can lead to loss of vision if neglected. Both dogs and cats are prone to cataracts. However, it is quite common in dogs, and comparatively less common in cats.
What are the common causes of cataracts?
Cataracts in Dogs
-
Genetic inheritance: It is a common cause of cataracts in dogs, especially in certain breeds like cocker spaniels, miniature poodles, and Siberian huskies. Hereditary cataracts can develop at birth or later in life.
-
Age: Cataracts can be a natural part of ageing in dogs, especially those over 8 years old.
-
Diabetes: A significant risk factor for cataracts, as it can change the metabolism of the lens.
-
Trauma: Eye injuries can cause cataracts to form as a response to the damage.
-
Nutritional deficiencies: A lack of certain nutrients, especially in puppies, can speed up the development of cataracts.
-
Inflammation: Eye inflammation due to uveitis or glaucoma can lead to cataracts.
-
Other causes of cataracts include Low blood calcium levels, and exposure to UV light, radiation, or toxic substances.
Cataracts in Cats
-
Inflammation: The most common cause of cataracts in cats is inflammation within the eye, often called uveitis. This can be caused by trauma, autoimmune diseases, infection, glaucoma, or cat cancer.
-
Trauma: Serious eye injuries, such as fighting with other cats, can damage the lens and cause cataracts.
-
Genetics: Some breeds of cats are more likely to develop cataracts, including Persian, Birman, Siamese, Russian Blue, and Himalayan. Genetic conditions like Fabry disease, Alport syndrome, or galactosemia can also cause cataracts.
-
Radiation: Some types of radiation can cause cataracts, especially if the radiation is on the face or head.
-
Poor nutrition: Poor nutrition in a cat's early life can contribute to cataracts.
-
Metabolic disorders: Metabolic disorders can cause cataracts.
-
Lens dislocation: Lens dislocation can occur after trauma or inflammation.
Cataracts can cause vision to become cloudy or hazy. Surgery is usually recommended when cataracts cause significant vision loss, are progressing, or are likely to affect the health of the eyes.
Symptoms of Cataract
-
Cloudy eyes: The most obvious sign is a cloudy, milky-white, bluish, or grey appearance in one or both eyes.
-
Difficulty seeing: Your dog might have trouble seeing in low light, or they might bump into things, especially at night.
-
Eye irritation: Your dog might paw at their eyes, have weepy eyes, or have red, bloodshot eyes.
-
Reluctance to climb stairs: Your dog might be hesitant to climb stairs or jump due to changes in depth perception.
-
Clumsiness: Your dog might be clumsy and bump into furniture, door frames, walls, or other items.
-
Trouble finding food and water: Your dog might have trouble finding their food or water bowls.
-
Anxiety: Your dog might be anxious, especially in dim lighting or at night.
-
Barking at inanimate objects: Your dog might bark at inanimate objects or familiar people.
-
Changes in blinking: Your dog's blinking pattern might change
Treatment for Cataract
Cataracts in pets are treated with surgical or non-surgical management, depending on the severity of the condition, the underlying cause of the cataract and your pet’s overall health:
1. Surgery
The only effective treatment for cataracts is surgery, which involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial lens. This procedure is called phacoemulsification and is similar to cataract surgery in humans. A veterinary ophthalmologist should perform this procedure.
2. Non-surgical management
If the cataracts are small or don't significantly impact the pet's vision, a veterinarian may recommend monitoring the condition and managing the underlying health issues. They may also prescribe eye drops or ointments to control inflammation or increased eye pressure.
Conclusion
It is always recommended to keep a close eye on your pet, for early diagnosis and management of such conditions. With early detection and proper care, our pets continue to live happy, healthy lives. Whether your pet is showing signs of cataract or you wish to learn more, knowing about their eye health is essential. When it comes to your pet’s health, prevention and early intervention can make all the difference.
