Did you know that dogs can get a type of cancer that’s contagious but treatable? It is called Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT), which is manageable with the right care and prevention. In this blog on Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor: Causes, Signs, Diagnosis & Treatment to keep your dog happy and healthy.
What is Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor?
Trans Venereal Tumor is a contagious, cancerous disease that commonly affects dogs. It is also known as Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) or Sticker's Cell Tumor. This disease arises from the dysregulated growth of Histiocytic Cells, which are a type of immune system cell found in several areas of the body, including the skin. TVT in dogs develops from skin Histiocytic Cells that are malignant (cancerous) tumours. Different from other cancers, Canine TVT can spread between dogs.
How is Canine Venereal Tumor Transmitted?
TVT in dogs spreads through the transfer of living cancer cells between dogs. It is the only tumour that spreads in nature by cell transplantation.
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Mating
TVT is usually transmitted during mating, which is the most common cause of this disease.
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Social behavior
It can also spread through social behaviours like licking, sniffing, scratching, or biting.
TVT can also transfer from a mother to her puppies through grooming if the mother licks her infected genitalia and then licks the puppies.
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Feeding
Puppies that feed on an infected mother might develop a tumour on or around their mouth or lips.
Signs of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor
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Genital
Visible masses on the vulva or penis, bloody discharge from the genital area or difficulty urinating.
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Nasal
Nasal discharge, sneezing, bleeding from the nose, facial swelling, and sometimes facial deformity.
Diagnosis of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor
CTVT in dogs is usually diagnosed through cytological examination by analysing cells from bodily tissues or fluids. Most of the time doctors provide treatment based on the following factors:
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Clinical signs - Bleeding from the nasal or genital area
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Physical examination - Cauliflower-like growth will be felt in the genital area
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History - Generally there is a history of mating
Treatment of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor
Although spontaneous regression can occur, TVT is usually progressive and treated accordingly. Complete surgical excision, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are effective treatments.
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For Chemotherapy, treatment cycles usually last for a few weeks, and most dogs respond well, achieving full remission. Monitoring for side effects, such as decreased white blood cell counts, is important.
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The rate of tumour regression is negatively correlated with tumour size, older age, and season; hot and humid seasons are usually associated with poor response to treatment. Usually, total remission is achieved in 4 to 6 doses.
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Generally, x-rays are done to rule out the metastasis to the lungs. If the lungs are clear of any metastasis then the prognosis of this tumour is very good.
Prevention of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor
It Is recommended to monitor your pets and do not allow random mating with multiple dogs of unknown history. Do not let them mate with other dogs unless the said dog is certified as 'fit' by a veterinarian. Spay or neuter your pet to reduce mating activity and the risk of transmission. If you notice any symptoms of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor, contact your veterinarian for early diagnosis.
Key Takeaway: Beat TVT with Early Action
Your dog’s health is priceless and knowing about conditions like Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor can empower you to take quick actions. With proper care and early diagnosis, your furry friend can overcome TVT. Just trust your vet, stay vigilant, and your dog will lead a longer, healthier, and happier life by your side.
